Sacramento became the city due to the efforts of John Sutter, a Swiss immigrant, James W. Marshall. Sacramento grown faster because of the protection Sutter 's Fort, which was established by Sutter in 1839. During the California gold rush, Sacramento was the main distribution point, a commercial and agricultural center, and put an end to the train carriages, Rockaways, riverboats, telegraph, and he dowry, and the first railroad across continents. California State University, Sacramento, better known as Sacramento State, Sac State, is the major local universities. It is one of twenty-three campuses of the University of California system. In addition, from the University of California at Davis is located near Davis, just west of the capital. Nisenan (South maidu) and miwok Plains Indians lived in this area and perhaps for thousands of years. Unlike the settlers who would eventually make Sacramento home, and the Indians left little evidence of their existence. Traditionally, food was dominated by nuts taken from the oak trees abundant in the region, and fruits, bulbs, seeds, and roots collected throughout the year. In 1806 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga "discovered" and named the Sacramento Valley and the Sacramento River after the Spanish term for 'secret', specifically, after the "most sacred mystery of the body and blood of Christ," and pointed to the secret of the Roman Catholic Eucharist . Major John Sutter arrived from liestal, Switzerland, in the Sacramento area with other settlers in August 1839, and established a colony of trade barrier and Sutter 's Fort (as a new helvetia or "new Switzerland") in 1840. Sutter 's fortress was built using local labour from Native American tribes. 2000 Sutter received fruit trees in 1847, which began in agriculture and industry in the Sacramento Valley. In 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter 's mill in Coloma) located approximately 50 miles, or 80 kilometers, north-east of the castle), and a large number of researchers from the gold came to the region and increase the population. John Sutter, Jr. then planned Sacramento City, in conjunction with Sam brannan against the wishes of his father and naming streets of the city after the Sacramento River for commercial reasons. HE topographical engineer hired William H. Werner official of the city planning project, which included 26 letters covered Of the 31 street (today a network of c Saint Broadway and Front St. Palace red serious.). However, the bitterness has grown between Sheikh and his son Sutter as Sacramento became overnight commercial success (Sutter 's Fort, and the mill town sutterville, all founded by John Sutter, father, and will ultimately fail). From Sacramento originally drawn by William Warner located east and south just as the American River meets the Sacramento River (although that over time grew significantly to the expansion of the north, south and east from there). A number of surrounding towns directly, or an unincorporated suburban district cities, such as oak fair Carmichael, citrus Heights, Elk grove, Folsom farm, Cordova, Roseville, Rocklin, West Sacramento, Orangevale, North Highlands extend greater Sacramento area. Citizens of the city of Sacramento Charter was adopted in 1849, recognized by the state legislature in 1850. Sacramento is the oldest incorporated city in California, in February 27 to be included, 1850. [3] During the early 1850s, the Sacramento Valley was devastated by floods, fires and epidemics of cholera. Nevertheless, because of his position just down from mother to race in the Sierra Nevada, the newly founded city grew, quickly reaching a population of 10000. California legislative body of the State, with the support of Governor John Bigler, moved to Sacramento in 1854. Capital of the State of California before 1846 was located in Monterrey in 1849 and the first state constitutional convention and elections were held. 1849 in the State legislature voted to sit in the state capital, San Jose. After 1850, when it was ratified as California, Capitol also located in the city of Vallejo and Benicia before moving to Sacramento. In 1879 in a constitutional conference, called the Sacramento State to be the permanent capital. Began in 1860 to be similar to the United States in Washington, DC, the capital, the classical revival style of the State of California in the capital was completed in 1874. In 1861, and the legislative session and moved to a constructive exchange dealers in San Francisco for a single session because of massive flooding in Sacramento. Legislative chambers for the first time in 1869, while construction was continuing. In the period 1862-1868, part of the Leland Stanford palace was used to the governor through the offices of the office of Governor Stanford; and met with the Legislative Council in Sacramento District Court. With its new status and strategic location, Sacramento quickly prospered and became the West end expressed dowry, and intercontinental missiles later in the first railroad (which began construction in Sacramento in 1863 and was financed by the "big four" - Mark Hopkins, Charles Crocker , P. collis Huntington, Leland Stanford ((). 1850 Again in 1861, and met with sacramentans completely flooded city. after the devastating 1850 flood, Sacramento witnessed the spread of the cholera epidemic influenza, which paralyzed the city for several years. in 1861, and legend says that the Governor Leland Stanford, which was inaugurated in early January 1861, and was to attend the inauguration of the boat blasphemy, which were not very far from his home in the town on the street.. 1862 Sacramento upgrade the city through landfill. Thus, the former first-storey buildings have become Basements, that were related to later by the spending under the old streets of Sacramento. spending has become a network of Opium Dens, which were mostly have been filled but it can still be seen those portions of the "Sacramento underground." the same river earlier that brought death and destruction began to provide increasing levels of transport and trade. both the American and Sacramento rivers will be especially key elements of the economic success of the city. in fact, Sacramento effective control over the river trade, and public works projects were funded despite the tax imposed on goods and unloaded from the boats loaded on rail cars in Sacramento historic rail yards. now both rivers are widely used for recreational purposes. is the American River 5 - miles per hour (8 - How / h) of waterways for all power boats (including jet skiing and similar Craft) (Source Sacramento Parks and Recreation District), and become an international attraction wooden beams and kayakers. Sacramento River, the view of many Boaters, which could make day trips or near swamps to continue on the Delta to the San Francisco Bay area and San Francisco. Delta King, an arm trigger steamers that eighteen months lay on the bottom of San Francisco Bay, has been renovated and now boasts a hotel, restaurant, and different theatres night along the river old Sacramento . current City Charter was adopted by voters in 1920, the establishment of the City Council and the Director of the form of government, is still used today. as a charter city of Sacramento is exempt from many of the laws and regulations passed by the legislature of the State. city expanded continuously over the years. merging in 1964 north of the city Sacramento Sacramento with a significant increase in the number of residents, the annexation of a large area natomas eventually led to significant population growth throughout the seventies and eighties, and nineties. Sacramento cities and counties (with a portion of the post adjacent to the district) and works in a customer-owned electric utility, the Sacramento utility district Municipal (smud). Sacramento Voters approved the establishment smud in 1923. In April 1946, after 12 years of litigation, and the judge ordered Pacific Gas and electricity for the transfer of the title of Sacramento's electric distribution system smud. Smud today is the sixth largest electric utilities in the United States, and has a worldwide reputation for innovative programs and services, including the development of clean fuel resources, such as solar power. is Sacramento - Yolo port area was established in 1947, and ground was broken in the port of Sacramento in 1949. June 29, 1963 , 5000 with spectators waiting to welcome her, and the victory of the cars and ship arrived Taipei. [4] port open for business. nationalist Chinese flag ship, freshly painted of this historic event, was loaded with 5000 tons of bagged rice trading company Mitsui bound for Okinawa and 1000 tons of logs trees to Japan. was the first ocean-going ships in Sacramento since Spearhead ship in 1934. plagued Sacramento port operating losses in recent years, is facing bankruptcy. heavy losses in this business is because of the competition posed by the Port of Stockton, which has the largest and deepest channel facility. beginning in 2006.. 1967, Ronald Reagan became governor last Governor of the State of California to assess permanently in the city. new executive palace, built by private funds in the Sacramento suburb of Reagan, and remained vacant for nearly forty years and was sold recently by the State. in the early nineties, Mayor Joe serna attempt to lure the Los Angeles raiders football for Sacramento and the sale of $ 50 million in the form of bonds and also serious money. when the deal fell through, and the bond proceeds were used for the construction of several large projects, including the expansion of the Convention Center and renovation of Memorial Hall. Serna called Park City controversial farm work organized Cesar Chavez. from through the efforts, Sacramento became the first major city in the country to have paid municipal holiday honoring Chavez. Despite the closure of military bases and major decline of agriculture, food processing, the Sacramento experienced tremendous population growth in the nineties and early this century. key source of population growth is immigration people from the San Francisco Bay area seeking lower housing costs, as well as immigration from Asia, Central America, Mexico, Ukraine and the rest of the former Soviet Union. from 1990 to 2000, the population increased 14.7%. Census Bureau estimates that in four years ( 2000-2004), the population of the province increased from Sacramento 1352445. to 1223499 in the late nineties and early this century, Mayor Heather Fargo several unsuccessful attempts to taxpayer funding for a new sports arena for maloof brothers, owners of the Sacramento Kings basketball NBA excellence. In November 2006, Sacramento voters defeated a proper sales tax proposed to finance this increase, partly because of the competing plans for the new arena and its location. Despite delegating the state government in recent years, Sacramento, California is still by far the largest employer. Sacramento City spent considerable effort to keep state agencies to move outside the city limits. In addition, many federal agencies have offices in Sacramento. city lies at the crossroads of the Sacramento River, the American River, and has a deep-water port connected to the San Francisco Bay through the channel of During the Sacramento River Delta. is shipping, rail and status of the Sacramento Valley, and fruits and vegetables, rice, wheat, dairy goods and beef. food processing are among the major industries in the region. Sacramento a Mediterranean climate that is characterized by mild winters and dry, hot summer (climate koppen Rating CSA). area usually has low humidity. rain usually falls only between November and March, with the rainy season of the Taper almost completely by the end of April. average temperature throughout the year is 61 degrees Fahrenheit (16 degrees Celsius), with a daily average of between 46 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees Celsius) in December and January to 76 degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius). average daily high temperatures ranging from 53 degrees Fahrenheit (12 degrees Celsius) in December and January to 93 degrees Fahrenheit (34 degrees Celsius) in July (with a lot of days over 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) Rises). daily low temperatures ranging between 38 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit (3 to 14 degrees Celsius). has averaged 73 days a year with the rise more than 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32 degrees Celsius), with a higher temperature is 115 degrees Fahrenheit (46 degrees Celsius) on July 25 / July 2006, and 18 days when it drops below 32 ° and a low (0 degrees Celsius), with a cooler on December 11 are registered, 1932, at 17 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees Celsius). record snowfall was recorded in 4 January 1888, at 9 cm (3.5 in). Snowfall is rare in Sacramento (with a height of only 52 feet or 16 meters above sea level), with the removal of dust from the snow every eight to ten years. forty miles (65 km) east of Sacramento, in the hills, snow is an annual occurrence. further east, and Lake Tahoe recreation area is home to a number of regions of the world famous skiing by the accumulation of more than 90 "(230 cm) almost every year during the peak season . patches in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada east of Sacramento annually receive some of the largest snowfall in the lower 48 States, and the huge mountain range snowpack is a vital source of water for the entire state of California. Palace red triangle, Avondale, Brentwood, Carlton tract, College / Glen, Colonial Heights, Colonial village, a village north of the colony, and Curtis Park, Elmhurst City, exhibitions, florins - fruitridge, industrial complex, fruitridge Glen Manor Sheikh, Granite Regional Park, Hollywood Park, Lawrence Park, the Centre for the Mediterranean Sea, north of the city farms, Oak Park, Packard Bill, farm south of the city, southeast of the village, Tahoe Park, Park Middle Tahoe, Tahoe Park South tallac village, antelopes blossom honey is an unincorporated area about 15 miles (24 km) north-east of the city centre Sacramento. established in the mid-nineteenth century Ten by Chinese immigrants who worked for the railway, also started Dhabi, and remains, in the bedroom community. by in 1973, is still Dhabi consisting of a little over a year and a half warehouse dozen houses. grown as surrounding areas in the eighties and nineties , as did Dhabi. By 1993 the population of the region voted to be recognized as a province and with their own zip code (95843), which became effective July 1, 1994. Census 2000 population has grown to more than 36000. JORDAN Corridor is the community immediately east of the city of Sacramento and to the north of the American River that includes rich region called Jordan Park. population is listed were at one time more than 90000 people in the pride and 42987 families. However, after the 2000 census, and the limits of society changed and the number of population in the revised list of total 83000. is located only minutes from the city center and offers many shopping and entertainment venues. There are more than 2000 companies in the region, and employs more than 40000 people. access to outdoor recreation are also close because Jordan is bordered American River Forested highway, 26 thousand miles (42 kilometers) and increase the impact of a motorcycle that followed the American River at Folsom Lake. golf, swimming, and the city parks are also close by. There is an organized group of citizens seeking the whereabouts of the incorporation measure on the ballot in 2008. There is also an attempt by the city of Sacramento to annex Jordan - corridor. This is the first effort since 1960. Contrary to the Committee for Development Policy, such as Carmichael fair and oak, and the people who live along the Jordan - Sacramento address. Carmichael located 10 miles (16 km) North Eastern and Central Sacramento is a historic community, dating back to the early twentieth century. was founded by Dan Carmichael, who was mayor of Sacramento in 1917-1919. some of the remaining signs Carmichael early days, is the palm and palm trees along the campaign, planted about 1913 . current population is 49742; there 20631 total number of families, 64% are household, and the average age is 40. Carmichael home to a beautiful garden ancil Hoffman, which includes 77 Acre Avi yeaw nature center, and the preservation of pristine nature expansion along the banks of the River American. Golf can also be played in the garden under the shade of oak trees from citizens. just oak, located 15 miles (24 km) east of the city center and Sacramento, with a population of 28808, is indispensable, entrenched in the community. consisting of suburban and semi-slum Rural. region home to the rolling hills and many citizens oak to add to the quality of life. views of the American River Bluffs and Nimbus Hatchery near Folsom Dam, in addition to the distinctive character of a fair oak. just oak 'uniqueness also stems from its existing core business and the city center, known as fair oak village. village is home to liquidate the narrow roads, rolling hills, and is included in the outdoor courtyard and historic buildings full of unique historical exhibits and shops. village is a small town magic in the air. inscribed Park Plaza, located in the village, is the main site of the Festival Theatre just oak, one of the many open-air theatre community in this area. just oak village is also the site of the annual day of the Feast, a celebration event just oak population. Gold River is the affluent suburb 15 miles (24 km) east of the city center to Sacramento Error is often considered part of the farm Cordova, integrated city in the province of Sacramento, California. population was 8,023 in the census in 2000. Gold River community Association is the master of the Association of Chapter 25 "villages" that make up the society. every village has its own subsidiary associations as well. Riviera city of Los Angeles is a suburban community, 10 miles (16 km) east of the city centre Sacramento. population was 10,273 in the 2000 census. Riviera city of Los Angeles is primarily residential area between the American River and Highway 50 . is popular place to live for college students attending California State University Sacramento, or csus. Community Subcommittee divided by the city of Los Angeles paid to the areas of Riviera College vegetables and Glenbrook. Orangevale is a semi-rural suburb in the north-eastern region of the province (north fair oak, Eastern Heights citrus, west and south of Folsom City Roseville office of district and the community of Granite Bay). population was 26,705 in the 2000 census. unincorporated, the community is known for the abundance of horses. Rio Linda, Spanish for "beautiful river", is located to the Community north of the city of Sacramento is home to more than 10000 people. There are approximately 3500 families, 77% of families that are family, and the average age is 34. this working-class rural community offers an escape from the busy city life. Rio Linda / Elverta rooted in the كدوله صغيرة المجتمع الزراعي الذي انشئ في اوائل القرن العشرين. فان جيبسون مربي الكرز والجزيرة للغولف هي زوجان من الاماكن هذا المجال لعروض ركوب الخيل والترفيه في الهواء الطلق. يوجد حاليا حملة لادراج ريو ليندا وElverta المجتمعات الى شكل واحد البلدات التي عندئذ محكوما بمعزل عن المناطق المحيطة بها. المرتفعات الشمالية هي جماعة 44000 المقيمين ان يقع ما يقرب من 10 ميلا (16 كلم) شمال شرق وسط المدينة سكرامنتو. وذكر ان الجماعة التي انشئت رسميا مع افتتاح شمال المرتفعات مكتب البريد فى يوليو من عام 1952 وزاد هذا المجال غير مدمج مع التنمية ماكليلان من قاعدة للقوات الجوية. المرتفعات الشمالية هو في الغالب من الطبقة المتوسطة السكنيه المجال. مع بعض المناطق التجارية والصناعية في جميع انحاء ماكليلان قاعدة القوات الجوية ، وأصبح المطار المدني ، ودعا ماكليلان الاعمال بارك. مزرعه العنب هو جديد في حي الضواحي سكرامنتو مقاطعة نحو 15 ميلا (24 كلم) الى الجنوب الشرقي من وسط المدينة سكرامنتو. كان عدد السكان 10109 فى تعداد عام 2000 ، ومع ذلك ، تم الاعلان عن خطط لاضافة ما يصل الى 20000 منزلا جديدا الى مزرعه العنب. هذا يمكن ان تضيف ما يصل الى 60000 اشخاص جدد الى المنطقة. جنبا الى جنب مع منازل جديدة ستأتي من مراكز التسوق والحدائق العامة ، والمدارس. ومع ذلك ، كان بعض حرجة من التوسع واحدة جامعة ولاية كاليفورنيا ساكرامنتو الأستاذ المشار اليها على انها "سيارة موجهة نحو التنمية والامتداد". ومع ذلك ، هناك خطط لتوسيع نوعا من وسائل النقل العام الى مزرعه العنب وبناء حول القطار المسارات التي تمر المدينة. في سكرامنتو هو الهيءه التشريعيه للدولة الواقعة في منطقة السادس من مجلس الشيوخ ، الديموقراطي الذي يمثله دارل شتاينبيرج ، ، وفى الخامس ، والتاسع ، والعاشر للجمعية المقاطعات ، ويمثلها روجيه niello الجمهوري الديموقراطي ديف جونز ، والن nakanishi الجمهوري على التوالي. اتحاديا ، ويقع في سكرامنتو كاليفورنيا الخامس التابع الكونغرس المقاطعه ، التي تمتلك كوك pvi من د +14 [9] ويمثله الديموقراطي دوريس Matsui. سكرامنتو هى موطن لسكرامنتو الدولة (جامعة ولاية كاليفورنيا ساكرامنتو) ، كما أسست كلية سكرامنتو الدولة فى عام 1947. وفي عام 2004 ، تم تسجيل 22555 الطلاب الجامعيون 5417 وطلاب الدراسات العليا في الجامعة ثماني كليات. الجامعة جالب الحظ هو الدبور ، والمدرسة هي الألوان الأخضر والذهب. ال 300 فدان (1،2 كيلومتر مربع) ويقع الحرم الجامعي على طول طريق سريع مشجر الاميركية نهر بضعة اميال الى الشرق من وسط المدينة. وطنية جامعة كاليفورنيا تحتفظ الحرم في المدينة. القمر الصناعى فى حرم جامعة alliant الدولي ايضا عروض التخرج والبرامج الدراسيه. سكرامنتو هو البيت الى مؤسسة خاصة غير معتمدة ، جامعة سكرامنتو ، والكنيسة الكاثوليكيه التى تديرها جامعة الفيلق المسيح. وفي الوقت الراهن ، فإن الجامعة تقدم مسار العمل في برامج الدراسات العليا. قريبة Rocklin ، كاليفورنيا هي موطن يليام جيسوب الجامعة ، كلية المسيحيه الانجيليه. جامعة كاليفورنيا له الحرم ، والحروف الكبيرة ديفيس ، في قريبة ديفيس ويمتلك أيضا مركز الدراسات العليا في وسط المدينة سكرامنتو. فإن الحروف الكبيرة ديفيس المدرسة العليا للادارة (جراما في المتر المربع) ويقع في وسط المدينة على سكرامنتو عاصمة مول. الكثير من الطلاب ، ونحو 400 من اصل 517 ، وفي الحروف الكبيرة ديفيس جراما في المتر المربع والمهنيين يعملون وهي بصدد اكمال ماجستير في ادارة الاعمال بدوام جزئي. [10] لجزء من الوقت في البرنامج يأتي في المرتبة الاعلى - 20 ومعروف جيدا لصغر حجم الطبقة ، والعالم من الدرجة الكليه ، ومشاركة في مجتمع الاعمال. الحروف الكبيرة ايضا maitains جامعة كاليفورنيا سكرامنتو مركز (uccs لundergaduate والدراسات العليا. مماثلة الى الحروف الكبيرة للبرنامج واشنطن العاصمة ، "عالم المتدربين" الدخول في كل من الدراسات الاكاديميه وكذلك الداخلي ، في كثير من الاحيان مع حكومة الولايه. العديد من المدارس العامة في الاحياء تخدم سكرامنتو. سكرامنتو مدينة المدارس الموحدة يخدم اكثر من منطقة سكرامنتو. أجزاء أخرى يخدمها المركز المدارس الموحدة المقاطعه ، مقاطعة natomas المدارس الموحدة ، سان خوان المدارس الموحدة المقاطعه ، منحة مشتركة الاتحاد الثانويه المقاطعه ، ليندا ريو الاتحاد مدرسة المقاطعه ، شمال مقاطعة سكرامنتو مدرسة ابتداءيه ، ديل باسو مرتفعات منطقة المدرسة ، والمدرسة robla المقاطعه. استمرار تعليمي التاريخ الذي بدأ في سكرامنتو المنطقة في ذلك الوقت من ذهب الاندفاع ، وابرشيه الروم الكاثوليك تعمل سكرامنتو 1 ابرشيه المدارس الثانويه داخل المدينة والضواحي المحيطة بها ، سانت فرانسيس في المدرسة الثانويه. الروم الكاثوليك مختلف الطوائف الدينية تعمل اربع اضافية الكاثوليكيه "الخاص" (اي غير ابرشيه) مدارس ثانويه في المدينة والضواحي : لوريتو المدرسة الثانويه (برعايه معهد المباركه مريم العذراء) ، والاخوان المسيحيون في المدرسة الثانويه (رعتها اخوة المدارس المسيحيه) ، واليسوعيه الثانويه العامة (جمعية يسوع ، او "اليسوعيون") ، واعتبارا من خريف 2006 ، Cristo ريي الثانويه سكرامنتو (برعايه كل من جمعية راهبات نوتردام دي نامور ، والأخوات الرحمه ، واليسوعيون). سكرامنتو هو واحد من 12 مدينة في الولايات المتحدة مع شبكة ري Cristo المدرسة الثانويه ، كان اولها اسستها اليسوعيون في شيكاغو في عام 1996 على تخفيض رسوم التعليم النموذجي مصممة لتكون في متناول الذين لا يستطيعون تحمل سعرا للاعراف الخاصة التعليم. في 1857 ، تقريبا فور وصولهم من ايرلندا ، وراهبات الرحمه فتحت اول مدرسة من اي نوع في سكرامنتو. مفتوحة للجميع بصرف النظر عن طائفة دينية ، القديس يوسف اكاديميه تابع العملية من خلال اواخر الستينات. موقع مدرسة النهائي هي الان مدينة سكرامنتو مرأب السيارات. "القديس يوسف في مرآب" يكرم اسم المدرسة التي اتسمت بها وصول التعليم الرسمي في سكرامنتو. في حين ان المؤسسات الكاثوليكيه لا تزال تهيمن على المشهد المدارس المستقلة في منطقة سكرامنتو ، في عام 1964 ، سكرامنتو البلاد يوم فتحت المدارس وعرضت sacramentans مستقلة المدرسة التي تنتسب كاليفورنيا رابطة المدارس المستقلة. Scds نمت الى يومنا هذا كدوله ومجتمع التعلم للطلاب ابتداء من مرحلة ما قبل الروضه من خلال الصف الثاني عشر. الاولى هي صحيفة سكرامنتو النحل ، التي اسست في عام 1857 من قبل جيمس mcclatchy. منافسة ، وسكرامنتو الاتحاد ، وبدأت النشر منذ ست سنوات في 1851. انها اغلقت ابوابها في 1994. اما الكاتب والصحافي مارك توين كتب للاتحاد في 1866. في أواخر عام 2004 ، من جديد سكرامنتو الاتحاد عاد مع مجلات نصف شهريه وبدأت في ايار / مايو 2005 نشرة شهريه ، لكنها لا تنوي العودة حسب صحيفة يومية. وفي عام 2006 ، اشترت شركة نايت mcclatchy Ridder شركة لتصبح ثاني اكبر ناشر صحيفة في الولايات المتحدة. وقد فاز سكرامنتو النحل بليتزر خمس جوائز في تاريخها. وقد فاز العديد من الجوائز الأخرى ، بما في ذلك العديد من أعماله التدريجي لحملات الخدمة العامة وتعزيز حرية التعبير (نحلة كثيرا ما تنتقد سياسة الحكومة ، وكشف العديد من الفضائح ايذاء سكان كاليفورنيا) ، والمناهضه للعنصرية (نحلة يؤيد الاتحاد اثناء الحرب الاهليه الامريكية وعلنا ندد كو كلوكس كلان) ، وحقوق العمال (نحلة لها من دعم قوي التاريخ النقابي) ، وحمايه البيئة) الذي يؤدي العديد من غرس الاشجار وحملات القتال ضد تدمير البيئة في سييرا نيفادا). قائمة كاملة للجوائز الكبرى التي عقدت مؤخرا وفاز بها نحلة ويمكن الاطلاع هنا. أقدم جزء من المدينة بالاضافة الى Sutter 'sحصن قديم سكرامنتو ، والذي يتألف من cobbled بعض الشوارع والمباني التاريخية ، وبعض من الستينات من القرن التاسع عشر. المباني تمت المحافظة عليه ، او اعادة بنائها ، والمنطقة الان قدر كبير الجذب السياحي ، مع جولات على البخار - hauled التاريخية القطارات والبواخر مجذاف. "الاربعة الكبار بناء" ، بنيت في 1852 ، هى موطن لمكاتب collis هنتنغتون ، مارك هوبكنز ، ليلاند ستانفورد ، وتشارلز كروكر. وسط المحيط الهادئ وجنوب المحيط الهادئ السكة الحديد السكة الحديد قد تم تأسيسها هناك. المبنى الاصلي تم تدميره فى عام 1963 لتشييد الطريق السريع 5 ، ولكن اعيد انشاؤها باستخدام العناصر الاصليه فى عام 1965. ومن الآن وطني معلما تاريخيا. ايضا من الاهتمام التاريخي هو النسر المسرح ، لاعادة الاعمار في كاليفورنيا اول مسرح دائم في موقعها الاصلي. وهناك العديد من الاماكن الرئيسية لمسرح سكرامنتو. سكرامنتو الاتفاقية فأن مركز يحكم كل مجتمع ومركز مسرح قاعة التذكاريه. الآبار فأرجو جناح هو احدث اضافة. ومن بني على قمة القديم الموسيقى اسس خيمة السيرك. القادم لأنه هو mcclatchy المرحلة الرئيسية ، كما بنيت أصلا استوديو تلفزيوني ، وكان تجديده في الوقت نفسه جناح شيد. ومن اصغر من توفير اماكن للجلوس فقط 300. فان سكرامنتو البالية ، سكرامنتو الاوركسترا الفيلارمونيه وسكرامنتو الاوبرا في اداء المجتمع مركز المسرح. وهناك عدة شركات المسرح مع المكانه المهنيه. كاليفورنيا الموسيقى والمسرح والصيف المخزون المسرح والموسيقى السيرك جعل العديد من المديرين والمؤدين من نيويورك ولوس انجلس المجال لعمل واداء في الإنتاجات في الآبار فأرجو جناح. خلال فصل الخريف ، الشتاء والربيع مواسم برودواي سكرامنتو يجلب حافله وشاحنة جولات لاتفاقيه مركز المسرح. سكرامنتو المسرح فإن الشركة تقدم منتجات غير الموسيقيه العالية الجوده باعتبارها مسرح دار الانصاف ، في mcclatchy المنفذ الرئيسي المرحلة. في [ب مسرح الشارع] ، أصغر حجما وأكثر حميمه الانتاجات الفنية تتم فضلا عن مسرح الطفل. فان سكرامنتو شكسبير توفر وسائل الترفيه في اطار مهرجان النجوم في كل صيف ويليام الاراضي بارك. سكرامنتو المجال فان لديها واحد من اكبر مجموعة أصغر من المجتمع المسارح في كاليفورنيا. بعض هذه تشمل ، 24th مسرح الشارع ، ومسرح مدينة نهر الشركة ، هارب المرحلة المنتجات ، الدائرة السحريه المسرح ، ومسرح كبير الفكره ، والاحتفال الفنون ، لامبدا اعب ، والتآزر ، والمرحلة التاريخية النسر المسرح. وكثير من هذه المسارح تتنافس سنويا لElly الجوائز التي تشرف عليها سكرامنتو منطقة مسرح تحالف اقليمي أو sarta. يوم الاربعاء 13 حزيران ، 2007 استوديو جديد لفنون الاداء واعلن المراد بناؤها الى جانب سكرامنتو مسرح الشركة والآبار فأرجو جناح. الجديد متعدد مليون دولار وسيكون مجمع المسمى ب "هاء كلير raley استوديوهات للفنون الحيه" وسيوفر التدريب لالفضاء 4 من المناطق الرئيسية فنون الجماعات ، والباليه سكرامنتو ، كاليفورنيا الموسيقى والمسرح والأوبرا وسكرامنتو سكرامنتو الاوركسترا الفيلارمونيه ، تمركز معظم المدينة الفنون المنظمات. الفنون البصريه فان سكرامنتو متروبوليتان للفنون اللجنة هى منظمة التي أنشئت بوصفها سكرامنتو مجلس الفنون في عام 1977 لتقديم عدة برامج للفنون المدينة. وتشمل هذه المادة في الاماكن العامة ، وتعليم الفنون ، والمنح والبرامج الثقافيه ، الشاعر الفائز البرنامج ، الفنون تثبيت البرامج وغيرها من الموارد والفرص. سكرامنتو الثانية السبت الفن المشي هو برنامج من صالات عرض الفنون المحلية ان تبقى مفتوحة الى وقت متأخر في المساء كل السبت الثاني من كل شهر ، وتوفير تجربة فريدة بالنسبة للسكان المحليين وكذلك السياح لمشاهدة الاصل الفن وتلبية الفنانين انفسهم . سكرامنتو ديها العديد من المتاحف الكبرى. فان كروكر متحف الفن ، اقدم العامة متحف الفن الغرب من نهر المسيسيبي هو واحد من خيرة. السادس والعشرين من تموز / يوليو ، 2007 متحف باختراق الارض من اجل توسيع بان اكثر من ثلاثة اضعاف الحد الادنى للمباني الفضاء. الهندسه المعماريه الحديثة وسوف يختلف كثيرا عن اسلوب البناء الفيكتوري ومن المضافه ل. البناء هو ان يكتمل بحلول عام 2010. كما هو من مصلحة الحاكم القصر التاريخي بارك الدولة ، وعددا كبيرا من القصر الفيكتوري الذي كان المنزل الى 13 من حكام كاليفورنيا. فإن الدولة ليلاند ستانفورد القصر التاريخي بارك ، الذي قال إنه تم الانتهاء من المستعاده في عام 2006 ، بمثابة الدولة العنوان الرسمي لحفلات الاستقبال الدبلوماسية والتجارية. الاسترشاد العامة الرحلات متاحة. The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts, home of the California Hall of Fame, is a cultural destination dedicated to telling the rich history of California and its unique influence on the world of ideas, innovation, art and culture. The Museum educates tens of thousands of school children through inspiring programs, sharing with world visitors California's rich art, history and cultural legacy through dynamic exhibits, and serving as a public forum and international meeting place. The California State Railroad Museum in Old Sacramento has historical exhibits and live steam locomotives that patrons may ride. Music The area is home to many local rock bands that aspire to bigger things. Many have broken through to mainstream popularity. Each year the city hosts the Sammies, the Sacramento Music Awards. Sacramento also has a reputation as a center for Dixieland jazz, because of the Sacramento Jazz Jubilee which is held every Memorial Day weekend. Events and performances are held in multiple locations throughout the city. Each year thousands of jazz fans from all over the world visit for this one weekend. Sacramento is also home to the Sacramento French Film Festival, a cultural event held every year in July that features US premiers of French films and classic masterpieces of French cinema. In addition, Sacramento is home to the Trash Film Orgy, a summer film festival celebrating the absurd, B-movies, horror, monster, exploitation. Classical music is widely available in usual and unusual venues. The Sacramento Philharmonic, the Sacramento Choral Society & Orchestra, the Sacramento Youth Symphony, and the Camellia Symphony each present a full season of concerts. Two local churches feature unusually sophisticated classical music programs. Sacred Heart Church, located in affluent East Sacramento , is host to Schola Cantorum, an ensemble chorus that features a full season of performances, while also participating at Sunday liturgies at Sacred Heart. All Hallows Church, serving working class south-central Sacramento, is host to the nation's only parish-based full symphony orchestra, which presents a full range of performances each season. Sections of the orchestra also perform at significant parish school events, and orchestra members teach a complete curriculum of choral music at the inner-city school. The parish also features periodic individual recitals, including on its Yamaha Concert Grand Piano and Italian-built Viscount Digital Pipe Organ, one of only nine four-manual Viscounts in the world. All Hallows promotes its vast music programs around the theme "Transforming the Inner-city Through the Beauty of Art. " ARCO Arena is home to two professional level basketball teams: the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association and the Sacramento Monarchs of the Women's National Basketball Association. The Kings came to Sacramento from Kansas City in 1985, and the Monarchs are one of the eight founding members of the WNBA, which started in 1997. The Monarchs won the WNBA Championship in 2005 to become the first major, professional sports team in Sacramento to do so. Several smaller leagues have and continue to be in Sacramento. The Sacramento Heatwave of the American Basketball Association currently plays at Natomas HS Event Center. In the past, the city hosted three professional football teams, the Sacramento Surge of the World League of American Football, the Sacramento Gold Miners of the Canadian Football League, and the Sacramento Attack of the Arena Football League. Sacramento was also home to an indoor soccer team, the Sacramento Knights of the Continental Indoor Soccer League (later called the World Indoor Soccer League). The Sacramento River Rats of Roller Hockey International also played in the city for several years. The Sacramento XSV (pronounced "excessive") of the National Professional Paintball League are based in Sacramento. Sacramento has frequently hosted the NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship as well as the 1st and 2nd rounds of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. The Sacramento Mile is a national flat-track motorcycle racing event. From 1961 to 1980, Sacramento hosted the Camellia Bowl, which selected or helped select ten national champions in college football's lower divisions. Sacramento also hosts some recreational facilities and events. The Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail, that runs between Old Sacramento and Folsom Lake, attracts cyclists and equestrians from across the State. The California State Fair is held in Sacramento each year at the end of the summer, ending on Labor Day. Over one million people attended this fair in 2001. Sacramento residents play softball more than any city except Detroit, Michigan. Among other activities in Sacramento is Discovery Park, a 275-acre (1.1 km²) park studded with stands of mature trees and grasslands, this park where the American River flows into the Sacramento River, its a destination for fisherman and travelers alike. In amateur sports Sacramento claims many prominent Olympians such as Mark Spitz, Debbie Meyer, Mike Burton, Summer Sanders, Jeff Float (all swimming), and Billy Mills (track). Coach Sherm Chavoor founded his world famous Arden Hills Swim Club just east of the city and trained Burton, Myer, Spitz and others. Notable people with ties to Sacramento include designer architech Ray Eames, painter Wayne Thiebaud, photographer Michael Williamson, philosopher Cornel West, astronaut Stephen Robinson, US Supreme Court justice Anthony Kennedy, actress Milla Jovovich, record producer Charlie Peacock, and writer Joan Didion. In addition to Huntington, Hopkins, Stanford, and Crocker, the city's more successful entrepreneurs have included Russ Solomon (Tower Records) and Sherwood "Shakey" Johnson (Shakey's Pizza). Actors, singers, rap artists, bands, and other performers with ties to the city can be found under Sacramento entertainers. For sports figures with ties to Sacramento see Sacramento sports figures. Amtrak provides passenger rail service to the city of Sacramento. The Sacramento Valley Rail Station is located on the corner of 5th and I streets near the historic Old Town Sacramento and as of April, 2007, is currently undergoing extensive renovations. The station also serves as an RT light rail terminus. Sacramento is also the northern terminus of the Amtrak San Joaquins route which provide direct multiple-frequency passenger rail service to California's Central Valley as far as Bakersfield; Thruway Motorcoach connections are available from the trains at Bakersfield to Southern California and Southern Nevada. The Sacramento Valley Rail Station also provides numerous Thruway Motorcoach routes. One route serves the cities of Marysville, Oroville, Chico, Corning, Red Bluff and Redding with additional service to Yreka and even Medford, Oregon. A second serves the cities of Roseville, Rocklin, Auburn, Colfax, Truckee, Reno and Sparks. The third and final thruway motorcoach route serves Placerville, Lake Tahoe, Stateline Casinos, and Carson City, Nevada. Each of these routes provides multiple frequencies each day.
Monday, February 18, 2008
Sacramento cheerleaders
In 1948, Lawrence "Herkie" Herkimer, Dallas, TX and former cheerleader at Southern Methodist University formed the National Cheerleaders Association (NCA) as a way to conduct clinical cheerleading. In 1949, the NCA was the first clinic in Huntsville, TX, with a presence in 52 girls. [8] "Herkie" so many "firsts" in the sport, including the creation of Cheerleader & Danz Team uniform supply company, invents the herkie, (where one leg is bent to the ground and the other is to the side as high as it stretch and the toe-touch position) [9] and the creation of the "Spirit Stick". [7] By 1960, built to host college mazoretes laboratories across the country, the teaching of fundamental skills to cheer eager high school age girls. In 1965, Fred Gastoff invent vinyl pom-pon and was introduced in competitions by the International Cheerleading Foundation (now the World Cheerleading Association or WCA). Organized cheerleading competitions began to open with the first ranking of the "Top Ten College Cheerleading Squads" and "All American Cheerleader" awards given by the International Cheerleading Foundation in 1967. In 1978, America was introduced to competitive cheerleading from the first broadcast Collegiate Cheerleading Championship on CBS [6] [7] In the 1960's National Football League (NFL) teams started to organize professional groups cheerleader. The Baltimore Colts (now Indianapolis Colts) was the first NFL team to have an organized cheerleading squad. [10] It was the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders gained from the eyes, with revealing outfits and advanced dance movements, which debuted in the 1972-1973 season, but for the first time extensively in Super Bowl X (1976). That caused the image of mazoretes to permanently change, and many groups NFL treats people. Most of the professional teams' cheerleading squads will more accurately be described as dance companies from today's standards; because rarely, if ever, actively promote the noise of the crowd or perform modern cheerleading moves. In 1980 marked the beginning of modern cheerleading with most difficult stunt sequences and gymnastics routines incorporated. ESPN broadcast the first National Secondary School Cheerleading Competition nationwide in 1983. Cheerleading organizations such as the American Association Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors (AACCA) started the universal application of safety standards in order to reduce the number of accidents and prevention of dangerous stunts, pyramids and tumbling passes from being included in routines. [11] In 2003, the National Safety Council and Spirit Education (NCSSE) was created to provide security training for youth, school, college star and all the coaches. The NCAA requires college cheer coaches to successfully complete a nationally recognized safety-training program. The NCSSE the AACCA certification are both programs recognized by the NCAA. Today, cheerleading is more closely associated with American football and basketball. Sports such as football, ice hockey, volleyball, tennis, and sometimes wrestling sponsor cheerleading squads. The ICC Twenty20 Cricket World Cup in South Africa in 2007 was the first international cricket event to have mazoretes. The Florida Marlins were the first Major League Baseball team to have mazoretes. Debuting in 2003, "Marlin Mermaids" gained national exposure and MLB have influenced other groups to develop their own cheer / dance squads. Most American high schools and colleges have cheerleading organized groups composed solely of students. Many colleges that compete at cheerleading competitions offer cheerleading scholarships. Some United States military academies, such as the United States Naval Academy, or use a drill team or group color guard instead of cheersquad at sporting events, but some United States military academies have traditionally cheerleading squads like other everyday universities. By the early 1980's, cheerleading squads is not related to educational or athletic championships, the main aim of which was the competition, began to emerge. The first call for their organization and go all the stars in the competitions was the Q94 Rockers from Richmond, Virginia, which was founded in 1982 by Hilda McDaniel. [12] All-star teams competing before 1987 were performed in the same divisions as groups represented schools and sports leagues. The 1986 National Cheerleaders Association (NCA) has decided to rectify this situation by creating a separate division for such groups sponsoring missing school or sports club, called the "All-Star Division" and debuting at the 1987 Games. As the popularity of these types of teams grew, more and more of these medicines monitoring competitions sponsored by many different organizations and businesses, all using their own rules, regulations and divisions. This situation became one of the chief concerns of owners gym. These contradictions caused coaches to keep their routines in a constant state of flux, detracting from the time that should be used to develop skills and provide personal attention athletes. More important, why are several companies were constantly vying for their competitive position, the safety standards have become increasingly lax. In some cases, unqualified and inexperienced coaches groups are attempting dangerous stunts as a result of these "expanded" sets of rules [13]. The USASF was formed in 2003 by competition from the various companies to act as the national governing body for all star cheerleading and to create a standard set of rules and judging standards to be observed by all competitions sanctioned by the Federation and eventually leads the World Cheerleading. The USASF hosted the first World Cheerleading Saturday, April 24, 2004. [13] At the same time, cheerleading coaches from across the country organize themselves for the same purpose rule-making, calling themselves the National All Star Cheerleading Coaches Congress (NACCC). In 2005, the NACCC reabsorbed by the USASF be the norm-making body. [12] By the end of 2006 the USASF was ready to extend further its reach, with the creation of the All-Star International Federation (IASF), the first international governing body for the sport of cheerleading. [14] Judges of the competition on watch for irregular operations by the group or by any individual member. Here is an illegal move which is not allowed in that division due to difficulties and safety restrictions. More generally, judges look at the difficulty and the execution of jumps, stunts and tumbling, synchronization, creativity and sharpness of the proposals, isolation and the overall execution routine. In 2006, Hayden Panettiere, star of Bring It On: All or Nothing, it took another cheerleading role as Claire Bennet, the cheerleader with accelarated factor for the healing of the NBC hit sci-fi TV series Heroes, launching cheerleading behind the spotlight publicity on pop culture. Claire was the main focus of the show the first story arc, which features the popular slogan, "Save the cheerleader, save the world." Claire shows a sensitive and caring persona informal archetype of cheerleader. Her pronounced role in Heroes supported by a strong fan-base and provided a positive image for the high school cheerleading. Nintendo has released a pair of video games in Japan for the Nintendo DS, Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan Moero and continuity! Nekketsu Rhythm Damashii that star groups of male cheer squads, Ouendan that practice a form of cheerleading unique to Japanese culture. Each one of the games most difficult way replaces the male-female characters cheer squads and dress in Western cheerleading uniforms. The games task of fertility platoons with helping people in desperate need of help from their cheering and giving them the will to succeed.